성인실습 신장내과/비뇨기과 사전학습(용어, 주요학습내용) A+ 받음

목차

. 용어 및 약어
1) 용어 및 약어 ··························································································· 3

2. 주요 학습내용
1) 콩팥 요로계 병동에서 주로 시행하는 특수 검사 전후 간호 ··························· 5
2) 방광 적출술과 요로전환술 수술 전후 간호 ················································· 12
3) CIC 환자 간호 ······················································································· 14
4) 투석 환자 간호 ······················································································· 14
5) 신장 이식 ······························································································ 15
6) 수분 전해질 불균형 ················································································· 16

3. 주요 질환
1) 배뇨장애 ································································································ 18
2) 결석 ······································································································ 24
3) 양성 전립선 비대증 ················································································· 27
4) 신생물 ··································································································· 31
5) 신부전 ··································································································· 37
6) 염증성 질환 ··························································································· 42

4. 주요 수술
1) 경요도 전립샘 절제술 ·············································································· 47
2) 경요도적 방광종양 절제술 ······································································· 49

5. 참고문헌
1) 참고문헌 ································································································ 50

본문내용

2. 주요 학습내용

1) 콩팥 요로계 병동에서 주로 시행하는 특수 검사 전·후 간호

(1) U/A (요검사)
: 요로계검사 중 가장 기본적이고 중요한 검사

√소변 검사물 수집 방법
– 무작위 검사물 수집 (random specimen) : 밤 동안 방광 내에 머물러 가장 농축된 상태이므로 아침 첫 소변을 받는 것이 좋지만, 필요시 언제라도 수집 가능(식후 즉시 채취된 소변은 알칼리화되어 검사 결과가 정확하지 않을 수 있음)
– 중간뇨 검사물 수집 (clean-catch specimen) : 요도 입구와 요도 분비물에 의한 오염을 줄이기 위해 여성은 음순을 벌린 후, 남성은 포피를 젖힌 후 중간 소변을 받도록 교육 (배뇨 전 손, 요도 주변 씻도록 교육)
– 도뇨관을 통한 검사물 수집 (catheterizing specimen) : 단순도뇨관, 유치도뇨관
– 24시간 소변 수집
* 수집 절차 *
– 수집을 시작할 때 첫 소변은 버림.
– foley catheter가 삽입된 경우, 수집을 시작할 때 배뇨관과 배액 주머니를 비워 소변을 버림.
– 그 후 24시간 동안 모든 소변을 수집
– 시작한 지 24시간이 지나면, 대상자에게 방광을 비우게 하고 마지막 소변은 포함
– 다른 검사를 하기 위해 수집 용기에서 소변을 덜어내지 않음.

① 일반 요분석검사
– 소변의 산도(pH)·색·비중을 측정하고, 소변 내 포도당 · 단백질 · 혈액 · 케톤의 유무, 세포·원주체·세균·결정체 등의 소변침전물에 대한 현미경 검사를 포함
– 소변 검사물은 아침 첫 소변을 받도록 하며, 배뇨 후 1시간 이내에 검사를 시행
√ 소변 산도 : pH 4.6~8 (평균 6)

출처 : 해피캠퍼스