목차
Ⅰ. 서론 ······················································································· 3
1. 욕창의 정의················································································································ 3
2. 욕창의 단계················································································································ 3
2. 욕창 발생 위험요인·································································································· 4
4. 욕창의 발생기전········································································································ 4
Ⅱ. 본론························································································· 5
1. 욕창예방······················································································································ 5
2. 욕창관리······················································································································ 8
Ⅲ. 결론·························································································10
Ⅳ. 참고문헌················································································· 11
본문내용
1. 욕창의 정의
욕창이란 신체의 일정한 부위(주로 뼈 돌출부)에 압력 혹은 마찰과 응전력이 결합한 압력이 지속적 또는 반복적으로 가해짐으로써 모세혈관의 순환장애로 인한 허혈성 조직괴사로 생기는 피부나 하부 조직의 손상상태를 말한다. 욕창은 환자에게 통증을 일으키거나 회복을 더디게 할 뿐 아니라 입원치료나 수술 등으로 입원기간이 길어지게 하고 치료비가 늘어나는 등의 심각한 문제를 일으킬 수 있다. 하지만 대부분의 욕창은 사전에 예방할 수 있으며 조기에 발견하여 적절한 조치를 취할 경우에는 충분히 호전시킬 수 있다. 그러므로 욕창이 이미 발생하였거나 욕창의 위험이 있는 환자들을 잘 확인하여 욕창을 예방하고 관리해야 한다.
2. 욕창의 단계
욕창은 조직손상의 상태와 심한 정도에 따라 여러 단계로 구분되며 욕창관리는 이에 따라 구별하여 적용한다. 본 지침은 미국 NPUAP(National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; 국립욕창 자문위원회, 2007)에서 제시한 여섯 개 분류를 따른다.
1) 심부조직 손상이 의심되는 단계: 피부손상이 없는 보라색 또는 적갈색의 부분적 피부변색 혹은 혈액이 찬 수포를 말한다. 주위조직에 비하여 단단하거나 물렁거리고 통증을 유발할 수 있으며 따뜻하거나 차갑게 느껴질 수 있다. 증상이 심해지면 조직손상으로 진행될 수 있다.
2) 1단계: 눌렀을 때 하얗게 되지 않는 발적(non-blanching redness)이 나타나며 발적 부위는 압력제거 후에도 정상 피부색으로 회복되지 않는다. 피부가 손상되지 않은 상태이며 침습부위는 표피에 제한된다.
3) 2단계: 표피와 진피의 일부분까지 침범된 부분층 피부손상을 말한다. 피부는 붉고 습하며 통증이 심한 얕은 상처로 피부색이 변화되고 부분적인 피부상실과 표재성궤양이 있다. 괴사조직은 없으며 손상이 없는 수포 혹은 손상된 수포가 나타날 수 있다.
4) 3단계: 전층 피부손상상태로 피하층이 노출되나 근막, 근육, 뼈의 노출은 없다. 괴사조직이 있을 수 있으며 동로(sinus tract)와 잠식(undermining)의 형성이 가능하다.
출처 : 해피캠퍼스
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